時(shí)態(tài)詳解

一、定義

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”或“was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表達(dá)。

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的基本特征，也就是我們今天所談到的“立足過(guò)去，著眼未來(lái)”。它表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的某個(gè)動(dòng)作或存在的某種狀態(tài)。

例如：Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.

瑪麗告訴我說(shuō)她將要坐飛機(jī)去上海。

二、用法

1.表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

I didn’t know when he would go to the park.

He said that he would wait for me at the school gate.

此種情況常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。用“was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形”，“was / were about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

She told me she was going to fly to Yunnan.

I was about to leave the house when the telephone rang.

和一般將來(lái)時(shí)一樣，也可用相應(yīng)的其他形式表示。

2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。

He said the train was leaving atfive the next morning.

He said he was coming to see me.

常見(jiàn)于come, go等瞬間動(dòng)詞。

(1)基本構(gòu)成：

A ) would +動(dòng)詞原形

如：He asked me if I would stay here.

他問(wèn)我是否要待在這兒。

B ) was / were going to +動(dòng)詞原形

如：No one knew when he was going to finish his homework.

沒(méi)有人知道他什么時(shí)候會(huì)完成作業(yè)。

C ) was/ were ( about ) to +動(dòng)詞原形

如：He said that they were to leave at six.

他說(shuō)他們將于6點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。

She said that the meeting was about to begin.

她說(shuō)會(huì)議就要開(kāi)始了

D) come, go, arrive, leave, die等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，用在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。

如：She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan.

她告訴我們她將要去云南。

(2)基本用法：

A )主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句常表示將要發(fā)生的事情。

如：Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.

沒(méi)有人知道一百年之后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。

We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.

我們想知道她是否準(zhǔn)備在會(huì)上發(fā)言。

B )在敘述過(guò)去的事情或事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事。

如：It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school.

一個(gè)星期天的下午，一位名叫瑪麗亞的年輕人剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校。

He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.

因?yàn)樗郎?zhǔn)備下周開(kāi)始工作，所以，決定買些新衣服和一雙新鞋子。

C )過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示非真實(shí)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

如：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Harvard University.

如果我有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的話，我就會(huì)去哈佛大學(xué)。

I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.

今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。

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