it的用法

1. 有時可用來指人，但主要限于指性別不明的嬰兒或指身份不明的人。

如：

They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他們生了個孩子，很可愛。

Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲門，一定是吉姆。

下面這樣的句子也用 it 指人。如：

A：Who is it? 是誰呀?

B：It’s me, Mary. 是我瑪麗呀。

2. 用于強調句型：It is (was) …that (who) …。

如：

He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在這家商店買了一件襯衫。

下面4句分別對上句主語、賓語、地點狀語、時間狀語的強調：

It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.

It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.

It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.

It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.

3. 用作形式主語或形式賓語：

(1) 當不定式、動名詞、從句等結構用作主語時，為了避免“頭重腳輕”，往往用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。如：

It’s no use talking about it now. 現在談這事沒有用。

It’s important to know your own limitations. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。

It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 據說13是一個不吉利的數字。

(2) 當不定式、動名詞、從句等結構用作賓語時，若其后跟有賓語補足語，則往往使用 it作形式賓語，而把真正主語放在句末。如：

I find it easy enough to get on with Pam. 我覺得與帕姆相處很容易。

I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你會住在我們這里的。

4. 某些及物動詞(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若沒有出現賓語，而直接跟 if/when 引導的狀語從句，要在從句前使用代詞 it。如：

I like [love] it when you sing. 我喜歡聽你唱歌。

I dislike it when you whistle. 我不愛聽你吹口哨。

I hate it when Jane cuts up in class. 我討厭簡課堂上插嘴。

I’d appreciate it if you could drop in tonight. 你今晚來一趟我會很感激。

I should prefer it if you did not go there alone. 我倒希望你不要一個人去那里。

5. 在某些特殊表達中的使用。如：

It seems that John dislikes his boss. 約翰似乎不喜歡他的老板。

It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。

It doesn’t matter if you can’t find her. 如果你找不到她，也沒有關系。

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