1) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。

We have bought a new computer.

→A new computer has been bought. (正確)

→A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)

2)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。

My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

→I was given a present on my birthday.

如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)

→A present was given to me yesterday.

3) 由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。

The patient is being operated on.

The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

His request was turned down.

The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

4)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。

We always keep the classroom clean.

→The classroom is always kept clean.

She told us to follow her instructions.

→We were told to follow her instructions.

注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后必須還原to。

We often hear him play the guitar.

→He is often heard to play the guitar.

5)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Nobody can answer this question.

誤：The question can be answered by nobody.

正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

6)當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

7)以who為主語(yǔ)開頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首。

Who wrote the story?

誤：Who was the story written?

正：By whom was the story written?

8)有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。

The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

The books sell well. 這些書銷量很好。

9)下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句。

①感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

— Do you like the material?

— Yes, it feels very soft.

②不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

After the earthquake, few houses remained.

③賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)。

I taught myself English.

誤：Myself was taught English.

We love each other.

誤：Each other is loved.

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