功能及意義

1. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，但沒(méi)有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間修飾。

常由下列副詞修飾：

ever曾經(jīng)

never從不

already已經(jīng)

yet還(未)(yet只用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)

just剛剛

recently最近

lately近來(lái)

so far 迄今為止= until now, up to now，

before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?

I have never heard of such a man.

我從沒(méi)有聽說(shuō)過(guò)那個(gè)人。

We have just had lunch.

我們剛剛吃過(guò)午飯。

I have already returned your money.

我已經(jīng)把錢還給你了。

I haven't found my book yet.(否)

我還沒(méi)有找到筆記本。

Have you done your homework yet?

(疑)你做作業(yè)了嗎?

Have you heard from him recently ?

你最近收到他的來(lái)信了嗎?

So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.

迄今為止，還沒(méi)有人犯錯(cuò)誤。

I have never traveled by plane before.

我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有乘飛機(jī)旅行過(guò)。

2. 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或者仍在繼續(xù)。常常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：

→for +一段時(shí)間

I have learned English for 8 years.

→since +過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)

I have learned English since 2001.

→since +一段時(shí)間+ ago

I have learned English since 8 years ago.

→since + 時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

I have learned English since I was 5 years old.

→ in the past/last +時(shí)間段

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.

近十年來(lái)我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

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